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	<title>On Africa</title>
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		<title>On Africa</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org</link>
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		<title>Tintin au Congo</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/02/18/tintin-au-congo/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/02/18/tintin-au-congo/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Feb 2012 13:13:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[comic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[personal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[racism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[racismo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tintin in the congo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tintin. racism]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This week, I got this wonderful present from my fiancée. It&#8217;s a collector edition set of six  figures from the comic book &#8220;Tintin in the Congo&#8221; (sorry for the picture, does not do them justice). Knowing that, according to a &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/02/18/tintin-au-congo/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3563&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://onafrica.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/tintin.jpg"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-3564" title="tintin" src="http://onafrica.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/tintin.jpg?w=584&#038;h=353" alt="" width="584" height="353" /></a>This week, I got this wonderful present from <a href="http://www.mariagilulldemolins.com/">my fiancée</a>. It&#8217;s a collector edition set of six  figures from the comic book &#8220;Tintin in the Congo&#8221; (sorry for the picture, does not do them justice).</p>
<p>Knowing that, according to a <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2012/feb/13/tintin-not-racist-belgian-court">Belgian court ruling made public last week</a>, these are not racist &#8211; will make them appreciate them even more !</p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-</p>
<p>Esta semana <a href="http://www.mariagilulldemolins.com/">mi prometida </a>me ha regalado este maravilloso set de coleccionista con seis figuras del cómic Tintin en el Congo (perdón por la foto, verdaderamente no les hace justicia).</p>
<p>Saber que, de acuerdo con la <a href="http://www.larazon.es/noticia/8225-rechazan-prohibir-tintin-en-el-congo-por-la-denuncia-de-contenido-racista">opinión de un tribunal belga conocida la semana pasada</a>, no son figuras racistas &#8211; me hará apreciarlas mucho más !</p>
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		<title>Apuntes en torno a la final de hoy de la Copa Africana de Naciones</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/02/12/apuntes-en-torno-a-la-final-de-hoy-de-la-copa-africana-de-naciones/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/02/12/apuntes-en-torno-a-la-final-de-hoy-de-la-copa-africana-de-naciones/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Feb 2012 16:53:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualidad]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Costa de Marfil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deporte]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fútbol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zambia]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Los &#8220;elefantes&#8221; se enfrentan a las &#8220;balas de cobre&#8221; (chipolopolo) esta tarde por la corona del fútbol africano. Se trata de la tercera final para ambas ambas selecciones, aunque sólo Costa de Marfil ha conseguido ganar el título &#8211; lo &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/02/12/apuntes-en-torno-a-la-final-de-hoy-de-la-copa-africana-de-naciones/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3558&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Los &#8220;elefantes&#8221; se enfrentan a las &#8220;balas de cobre&#8221; (chipolopolo) esta tarde por la corona del fútbol africano. Se trata de la tercera final para ambas ambas selecciones, aunque sólo Costa de Marfil ha conseguido ganar el título &#8211; lo hizo en 1996. Si Zambia se hiciese con la Copa sería el 14º equipo en conseguirlo (algo que da una indicación de lo mucho que cambia el panorama del fútbol africano, en el que ninguna selección o pequeño grupo de selecciones ha mantenido la hegemonía durante mucho tiempo&#8230;)</p>
<p>Para Zambia además, jugar la final en Gabón será algo tremendamente emotivo. Fue en la costa de este país en el que el equipo nacional, los chipolopolo, vivió la tragedia que ha marcado su historia desde entonces. Según <a href="http://elpais.com/diario/1993/04/29/deportes/736034405_850215.html">este artículo de El País (19/04/93)</a>, el día 27 de abril de 1993:<span id="more-3558"></span></p>
<blockquote><p>la selección de Zambia viajaba hacia Senegal para iniciar en Dakar la segunda ronda continental de clasificación para el Campeonato del Mundo de Estados Unidos 94 -su otro rival habría de ser Marruecos-. El avión, un Buffalo perteneciente al ejército zambiano y en el que iban 30 personas en total, repostó combustible en el aeropuerto de Libreville y, poco después de reanudar el vuelo, cayó a unos dos kilómetros de la costa por motivos todavía no esclarecidos.Veinticuatro cadáveres, aun sin identificar, habían sido recuperados al cierre de esta edición. Entre ellos podrían estar los del presidente de la federación, Michael Muape; el entrenador, Godfrey Chitalu; su ayudante, Alex Chola, y el médico Wilson Mtonga, así como los de los futbolistas Chabala, Muanza, Changue, Chomba, Kangua, Watiyakeni, Makinka, Mulenga, Mutale, Soko, Muila, Chansa, Muitua, Masuwa, Chikualakuala, Banda y Simamba.</p>
<p>Se escaparon de la catástrofe los europeos que habrían de trasladarse por su cuenta: Musonda, del Anderlecht (Bélgica); Johnson Bwalya, del Bulle (Suiza), y Kalusha Bwalya, del PSV Eindhoven (Holanda) y que, precisamente, participó el domingo en el homenaje al argentino y ex valencianista Mario Alberto Kempes.</p>
<p>La selección zambiana saltó a los titulares informativos tras la victoria por 4-0 sobre la italiana, en la que había once profesionales de la Primera División, durante los Juegos Olímpicos de Seúl 88. En los últimos tiempos se había forjado una gran reputación por desarrollar el fútbol más vistoso del continente africano, aunque tan alegre que no solía ligar buenos resultados en campo contrario, lo que incluso había dado pie a alguna crisis federativa en un país con 8.000 licencias.En las últimas citas mundiales, los equipos africanos habían sorprendido a los observadores por la frescura y creatividad de su juego, lo que llevó a considerarlos como depositarios de un fútbol exento de rigores tácticos, rico en ideas y de una refrescante ingenuidad. África apareció para muchos como un reducto del fútbol más puro y libre de presiones.</p>
<p>Como señal de duelo, en Senegal se suspendieron todos los partidos previstos para el sábado y el domingo.</p></blockquote>
<p>Finalmente fueron 30 personas las que perecieron en el accidente, entre ellas 18 jugadores. Una tragedia que conmoció al país entero y al mundo del fútbol &#8211; y pese a lo cual el año siguiente Zambia llegó a la final de la Copa Africana &#8211; la última vez hasta hoy.</p>
<p>Para recordar a los fallecidos, los jugadores han visitado esta semana un playa cercana al accidente donde celebraron un pequeño homenaje.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 634px"><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/16970394"><img src="http://ghananewslink.com/directory/gallery/world/Zambia_Crush_Visit.jpg" alt="" width="624" height="351" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">La selección de Zambia lleva flores para depositar en un lugar cercano al del accidente. Más pinchando en la imagen.</p></div>
<p style="text-align:left;">Todo esto hará sin duda que los zambianos salten al campo decididos a ganar el trofeo y dar un verdadero homenaje a aquel equipo. Sin embargo no lo tienen nada fácil ya que en frente se encuentra ni más ni menos que los elefantes de la poderosa Costa de Marfil &#8211; liderada por Didier Drogba y que no ha concedido un sólo gol en todo el torneo. La respuesta a partir de las 20:30 esta tarde.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;"><strong>PD -</strong> Además, como nota histórica e informativa, esta curiosa foto de otro encuentro ente ambos países, pero esta vez representados por sus primeros presidentes tras la independencia <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda">Kenneth Kaunda</a> y <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Houphou%C3%ABt-Boigny">Félix Houphouët-Boigny</a>.</p>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 492px"><a href="http://untilourindependence.com/2011/02/20/kenneth-kaunda-and-felix-houphouet-boigny-in-abidjan/"><img src="https://untilourindependence.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/kenneth-kaunda-and-felix-houphouet-boigny.jpg?w=482&#038;h=641" alt="" width="482" height="641" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Kenneth Kaunda and Felix Houphouet Boigny in Abidjan</p></div>
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		<title>Participación en &#8220;Países en conflicto&#8221; de RNE 5</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/31/participacion-en-paises-en-conflicto-de-rne-5/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/31/participacion-en-paises-en-conflicto-de-rne-5/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Jan 2012 20:44:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conflicto]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[radio 5]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[República Centroafricana]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Hoy se ha emitido en Radio 5 un nuevo reportaje de &#8220;Países en Conflicto&#8220;, centrado en esta ocasión en la República Centroafricana. Además de con los responsables de MSF, la gente del programa han sido tan amables de invitarme a &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/31/participacion-en-paises-en-conflicto-de-rne-5/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3551&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/paises-en-conflicto/paises-conflicto-republica-centroafricana/1308377/#aHR0cDovL3d3dy5ydHZlLmVzL2FsYWNhcnRhL2ludGVybm8vY29udGVudHRhYmxlLnNodG1sP3BicT0xJm1vZGw9VE9DJmxvY2FsZT1lcyZwYWdlU2l6ZT0xNSZjdHg9NDkwMzAmYWR2U2VhcmNoT3Blbj1mYWxzZQ=="><img class="aligncenter  wp-image-3552" title="Pantallazo del 2012-01-31 21:16:02" src="http://onafrica.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/pantallazo-del-2012-01-31-211602.png?w=584&#038;h=199" alt="" width="584" height="199" /></a></p>
<p>Hoy se ha emitido en Radio 5 un nuevo reportaje de &#8220;<a href="http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/paises-en-conflicto/">Países en Conflicto</a>&#8220;, centrado en esta ocasión en la República Centroafricana. Además de con los responsables de MSF, la gente del programa han sido tan amables de invitarme a hablar sobre la situación en el país, las causas del conflicto, y la dimensión regional de este.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">El reportaje puede echucharse pinchando <a href="http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/paises-en-conflicto/paises-conflicto-republica-centroafricana/1308377/#aHR0cDovL3d3dy5ydHZlLmVzL2FsYWNhcnRhL2ludGVybm8vY29udGVudHRhYmxlLnNodG1sP3BicT0xJm1vZGw9VE9DJmxvY2FsZT1lcyZwYWdlU2l6ZT0xNSZjdHg9NDkwMzAmYWR2U2VhcmNoT3Blbj1mYWxzZQ==">aquí</a>.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Pantallazo del 2012-01-31 21:16:02</media:title>
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		<title>DRC diplomat vs. Spanish princess &#8211; awkward moment of the week</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/25/drc-diplomat-vs-spanish-princess-awkward-moment-of-the-week/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/25/drc-diplomat-vs-spanish-princess-awkward-moment-of-the-week/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2012 16:39:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[spanish princess letizia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[This video, shown on TV last night, has been providing plenty of entertainment to Spanish social network users. The incident ocurred during the annual reception by the King and the royal family of foreign diplomats in Spain. As it can &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/25/drc-diplomat-vs-spanish-princess-awkward-moment-of-the-week/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3538&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This video, shown on TV last night, has been providing plenty of entertainment to Spanish social network users.<br />
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/25/drc-diplomat-vs-spanish-princess-awkward-moment-of-the-week/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/_zV0ksiYg1w/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span></p>
<p>The incident ocurred during the annual reception by the King and the royal family of foreign diplomats in Spain. As it can be seen at 0:29, the <strong>Spanish princess Letizia and a DRC diplomat are about to shake hands when the diplomat moves his hand away and turns around leaving the princess visibly surprised</strong>.<br />
<span id="more-3538"></span><br />
This otherwise trivial incident has provided a good opportunity for many to express some misplaced opinions, which range from the lack of education of the diplomat, to outright racist comments and strange comparisons between this gesture and the Iranian diplomats&#8217; refusal to shake the hands of the queen and princess for being women (0:15)&#8230; Comments also flow in the opposite direction &#8211; with some accusing the princess of not stretching her hand sufficiently and thus offending the diplomat.</p>
<p>As it turns out, the <strong>reality is much simpler</strong>. According to <a href="http://www.periodistadigital.com/mundo/europa/2012/01/25/congo-letizia-casa-real-principe-asturias-mano-retiro-.shtml">this online newspaper, </a>quoting sources from the DRC mission in Spain:</p>
<p><em>Oscar Matondo (the name of the diplomat) is in charge of commercial relations between Spain and the DRC, has only recently been dispatched to Spain and barely speaks Spanish.<br />
During the event, Matondo &#8211; unfamiliar with Spanish protocol and rather nervous &#8211; heard the princess say something he couldn&#8217;t make out. Thinking she was telling him off for trying to greet her, he turned around.</em></p>
<p>A trivial incident (which both the royal house and the DRC embassy in Spain have played down) but which nonetheless has allowed many to express their prejudiced views&#8230;</p>
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		<title>Publicado el informe de pares del CAD para España*</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/19/publicado-el-informe-de-pares-del-cad-para-espana/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/19/publicado-el-informe-de-pares-del-cad-para-espana/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Jan 2012 14:18:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualidad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cooperación]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cooperación al desarrollo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[España]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Recientemente ha sido publicado el informe de pares del Comité de Ayuda al Desarrollo (CAD) de la OCDE para España, con una evaluación sobre la cooperación al desarrollo española y una serie de recomendaciones. En un contexto clave como el &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/19/publicado-el-informe-de-pares-del-cad-para-espana/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3515&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Recientemente ha sido publicado el <strong>informe de pares del Comité de Ayuda al Desarrollo (CAD) </strong>de la OCDE para España, con una evaluación sobre la cooperación al desarrollo española y una serie de recomendaciones.<br />
En un <strong>contexto clave como el actual</strong>, con la entrada de un nuevo Gobierno y equipo al Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación, y con una <a href="http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2012/01/06/actualidad/1325886612_242122.html">enorme reducción en los fondos disponibles</a>, este <strong>informe puede servir como orientación para – pese a todas las dificultades – seguir trabajando para una cooperación al desarrollo española más eficaz.</strong><br />
A continuación se señalan algunas de las principales recomendaciones. El <strong>informe completo </strong>(en inglés), puede consultarse <a href="http://www.oecd.org/document/57/0,3746,en_2649_34603_49315065_1_1_1_1,00.html">aquí</a>.<span id="more-3515"></span></p>
<p><strong>Concentrar el foco de la cooperación española</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<ul>
<li>Centrar en menos países, prioridades temáticas y transversales, y priorizar claramente dentro de estos.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Desarrollar criterios claros para la selección de países socios, con atención particular al objetivo de reducir la pobreza.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Desarrollar una política de trabajo con la sociedad civil<br />
</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<ul>
<li>Exponer claramente qué quiere conseguirse con, y a través de, las ONGs de desarrollo.</li>
<li>Refinar los instrumentos de financiación para asegurar que la AOD a y a través de ONGs de desarrollo se asigna de forma estratégica y asegura los resultados.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Mejorar la rendición de cuentas: prepararse para la difícil época económica</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<p>Para mantener un fuerte apoyo público a la ayuda y el desarrollo, el gobierno debería:</p>
<ul>
<li>Crear un plan actualizado y realizable para la comunicación y educación para el desarrollo.</li>
<li>Mejorar la capacidad especializada de comunicación de la agencia.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Concentrar la ayuda oficial al desarrollo<br />
</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<p>Usando la pausa en el crecimiento de la AOD y siendo más selectivo en cómo se asigna la ayuda podría ayudar a España a mejorar la calidad y eficacia de la cooperación. Con este fin, España debería:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reducir el foco geográfico de su ayuda para permitir una mayor concentración de recursos en menos países socios.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Asegurarse que las contribuciones multilaterales españolas son estratégicas</strong><br />
Recomendación:</p>
<p>Para fortalecer so relación estratégica con las agencias multilaterales y asegurar que se maximiza el impacto de la ayuda multilateral española, España debería:</p>
<ul>
<li>Utilizar de forma sistemática las lecciones de las evaluaciones y la información de sus delegados sobre el terreno para guiar su apoyo a las agencias multilaterales.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Dar el paso de evaluación a aprendizaje</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:<br />
Para demostrar los resultados y promover una cultura de aprendizaje:</p>
<ul>
<li>La cooperación española debería utilizar la información sobre resultados que se recoge de las evaluaciones por influenciar el desarrollo de políticas, la programación y aprendizaje institucional, e informar a la opinión pública.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Definir una política de recursos humanos que enfatice la movilidad y actuación de los trabajadores</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<p>En un contexto donde “hacer más con menos” se convertirá en la norma, España necesita criterios y políticas claros sobre cómo utilizar los recursos de forma eficiente y efectiva. El MAEC y la AECID deberían:</p>
<ul>
<li>Desarrollar una política de recursos humanos un plan a medio plazo para la movilidad y rotación de los trabajadores.</li>
<li>Introducir un sistema de gestión de actuaciones individuales ligado a resultados y objetivos de la organización</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Compartir concimientos sobre fortalecimiento de capacidades con países de renta media</strong></p>
<p>Recomendación:</p>
<p>Para construir cobre la relación de España con países de renta media, España debería:</p>
<ul>
<li> Hacer del fortalecimiento de capacidades un objetivo en sus marcos de asociación país, y recoger y compartir las lecciones y experiencias con el fortalecimiento de capacidades, especialmente en países de renta media</li>
</ul>
<p><em>*Esta entrada se publicó originalmente en <a href="http://foroaod.org/2012/01/17/publicado-el-informe-de-pares-del-cad-para-espana">Foro AOD</a></em></p>
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		<title>1 + 2 trends to watch out for in African politics in 2012</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/16/1-2-trends-to-watch-out-for-in-african-politics-in-2012/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/16/1-2-trends-to-watch-out-for-in-african-politics-in-2012/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Jan 2012 21:07:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualidad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[opinión]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[outlook 2012]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protests]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The (by now not so much) new year always provides a good opportunity to lift our eyes from the detailed aspects of our day to day and embark on broader analysis, general reflections and compilations of what will be important &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/16/1-2-trends-to-watch-out-for-in-african-politics-in-2012/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3506&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The (by now not so much) new year always provides a good opportunity to lift our eyes from the detailed aspects of our day to day and embark on broader analysis, general reflections and compilations of what will be important for the starting year – both personally and professionally. In many ways this is a totally arbitrary decision for in fact dynamics, movements and trends do not know anything about calendar years, and what was important a few months back will in all likelihood continue without disruption. <strong>So, taking the time to reflect on what may be important in 2012 is in fact partly taking note of what has been recently happening and is likely to continue.<span id="more-3506"></span></strong></p>
<p>On this line, without a doubt in 2012 the instability that characterized 2011 in large parts of the world will continue (for ODI’s Alison Evans this <a href="http://www.odi.org.uk/opinion/details.asp?id=6246&amp;title=alison-evans-odi-uncertainty-development-policy">“uncertainty” will be the only certainty this year</a> – something, I think, it’s nearly impossible to disagree with). Taking a step back, one can trace the origins of this uncertainty or instability lay in the global reordering and tectonic shifts currently taking place in the global economy, as a result of the 2008-09 financial crisis and the more recent European debt crisis (fuelled partly by the austerity measures adopted that threaten to push the Euro economies back into recession). The “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late-2000s_recession">Great Recession</a>”, as it has begun to be labeled, has its centre within the Euro-Atlantic area, but its impact is global. For one, the “emerged” economies of Brazil, India and China – alongside smaller but economically healthy (or at least with access to liquidity) countries such as the Gulf states and other resource-rich economies – are seeing their relative weight increase rapidly not only on economic terms, but also politically.<strong>We have seen an economic global shift that is now having a political impact in many parts of the world. </strong><br />
<strong>One cannot talk of a single political impact – or even many working on the same direction – of this reordering in Africa, but rather multiple ones, shaped by local social and political forces and geographical considerations.</strong> Back to our original question, we need to ask then what will be the dominant political dynamics across the African continent in 2012? There are numerous ones, but I will highlight just two, very broad ones, which are a direct result of the global reordering and, which despite being already at work, will possible increase in importance:</p>
<h1><em>One: Growing disengagement between citizens and their government</em></h1>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 630px"><img src="http://www.digitaljournal.com/img/5/9/2/8/1/2/i/1/0/4/p-large/Occupy_Nigeria_rally_in_Ojota_Temi.jpg" alt="" width="620" height="414" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Occupy Nigeria rally, Gani Fawehinmi Park, Ojota Photo: Temi KOGBE</p></div>
<p>2011 started with the toppling of the Tunisian and Egyptian regimes, and subsequently it was often asked asked whether this “North African spring” would travel South. Analysts were quick to note the important differences between both regions, which made difficult a straight expansion of these dynamics south of the Sahara. However, the – in my opinion – deeper reason behind the political turmoil in the Arab countries is a global one: <strong>the growing distance between a globally connected and increasingly informed citizenship undergoing economic hardship, whilst simultaneously witnessing segments of the population benefitting (with political support) from this situation.</strong> This basic idea then translates into very different events depending on the political context – from camping against the politicians and bankers that make the 99% in Europe and the US, to the outright rejection of a political class so corrupt whose only possibility was to leave. This discontent has been expressed across Africa all through 2011 – under different pretexts, but with the same underlying message. The <a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/04/201142831330647345.html">“walk-to-work” protests in Uganda</a>, the demonstrations <a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/06/06/el-15-m-llega-a-africa-15-m-arrives-to-africa/">against Wade’s political maneuvering in Senegal,</a> the “<a href="http://eienigeria.org">enough is enough</a>”, and now “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Nigeria">occupy</a>” movements in Nigeria, the <a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/07/20/20july-protests-in-malawi/">July protests in Malawi</a>, which left 18 deaths, and even the first <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/sep/29/angola-youth-president-dos-santos-mpla">political protests in a totally controlled regime such as Angola</a>; and this just citing the most visible ones. Protests which will no doubt continue to affect various African countries propelled by the political and/or economic situation.<br />
<strong>Pay attention to</strong>: It&#8217;s difficult to single out few countries, but some of those that spring to mind are those with scheduled elections (<strong>Senegal, Angola, Ghana)</strong> and/or where turmoil has already began (<strong>Nigeria, Uganda</strong>). Also <strong>South Africa</strong> could see increased protest on the face of worsening economic situation; and <strong>Kenya</strong>’s (pre-)election year (poll could be <a href="http://www.france24.com/en/20120113-kenya-elections-africa-march-lenaola-mwai-kibaki">delayed until 2013</a>) could also be tumultuous.</p>
<h1><em>Two: Heightened importance of the geopolitical and military dimension</em></h1>
<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><img class=" " src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2011/10/27/world/27KENYA/27KENYA-articleLarge.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="315" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Dai Kurokawa/European Pressphoto Agency</p></div>
<p>Alongside the internal implications of the global economic reordering, there are also important cross-national, regional and global trends that will affect Africa’s outlook in 2012. In exploring this, and specially when it comes to security and military aspects, we must take as reference not only the actions of African actors, but also those of external players – of which the US is still the most important one. <strong>Here, global geopolitical and security concerns intersect with local and regional dynamics defining areas which appear as requiring attention from a military perspective, or which present a security concern. The most important elements fuelling this type of attention include: the presence of armed and terrorist groups, the existence of natural resources, and the geostrategic position of the areas.</strong><br />
<strong>Pay attention to</strong>: Again, it is difficult to point out new trends which may emerge, but judging from the dynamics already at play, three critical areas within Africa are: the <strong>Sahel region</strong> – AQIM and break-away groups are in operation there, alongside transnational traffickers and criminal networks; <strong>Mali and Niger</strong> are among the poorest and most fragile countries (and <a href="http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Articles/Dossier/ARTJAJA2647p057.xml0/mali-president-election-presidentielle-democratiemali-voir-au-dela-des-scrutins.html">Mali faces an election year</a>); and it is far from clear that the Libyan post-war will be peaceful. <strong>The Horn of Africa</strong> – not only is there a multinational military presence off the Somali coast to stop pirate attacks, but Kenyan (followed by Ethiopian) troops entered last October the southern part of Somalia. And the AU troops are still there. <strong>And Central-East Africa</strong> – the unstable region is still key and conflict could come from long-time spoilers such as the <strong>LRA</strong> (the US deployed military advisors to Uganda late last year), militias on the <strong>Eastern DRC</strong>, as well as the new factor that constitutes <strong>South Sudan</strong> – where 2012 has began with a spike of internal fighting and a dispute with its northern neighbor.</p>
<h1><em>Three: Big guys&#8217; time to shine</em></h1>
<p>These are, in my humble opinion and in very broad terms, the forces most likely to dominate African politics from a macro-perspective. Now, the <strong>extra dimension that should not be ignored is that, if these are powerful trends by themselves, wherever they cross, something is bound to happen. And if this happens in a large country (or one with key regional role), then the consequences will be important.</strong> Libya was the case in point in 2011.<br />
<strong>And in 2012? </strong>I do not attempt to look into any crystal ball, but if a country such as <strong>Sudan, DRC, Algeria or Nigeria</strong> were to be deeply destabilized, the regional impact of this fallout would be massive. Conversely, if these countries, or, perhaps other equally important ones such as <strong>Ethiopia, Kenya, Angola or South Africa</strong>, manage to overcome the existing threats, their sheer size and international clout could work to improve the political situation within their region.</p>
<h1><em>So, what are your views?</em></h1>
<p>Are you optimistic that Kenya and Ethiopia can contribute to a durable African solution for <strong>Somalia</strong>? Or that South Africa will finally put real pressure on <strong>Zimbabwe</strong>? Or by contrast, do you have fears that the security situation will get worse in <strong>Sudan/South Sudan</strong>? What about <strong>Nigeria</strong> &#8211; will the security situation deteriorate, or will the protesters help the government get serious with the governance reforms?<br />
Would love to hear your thoughts!<em></em></p>
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		<title>8º Congreso Ibérico de Estudios Africanos &#8211; call for papers</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8o-congreso-iberico-de-estudios-africanos-call-for-papers/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8o-congreso-iberico-de-estudios-africanos-call-for-papers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jan 2012 11:44:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualidad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Español]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[academia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[congreso]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Para todos aquellos que trabajamos de forma académica en temas relacionados con África en esta parte del mundo, este año tiene una cita ineludible con la celebración del 8º Congreso Ibérico de Estudios Africanos en Madrid del 14 al 16 &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8o-congreso-iberico-de-estudios-africanos-call-for-papers/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3491&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Para todos aquellos que trabajamos de forma académica en temas relacionados con África en esta parte del mundo, este año tiene una cita ineludible con la celebración del <a href="http://www.ciea8.org">8º Congreso Ibérico de Estudios Africanos</a> en <strong>Madrid del 14 al 16 de junio de 2012</strong>. El congreso, titulado &#8220;Bajo el Árbol de la Palabra&#8221; contará con un total de 49 paneles, entre ellos uno co-organizado por quien aqui escribe.</p>
<p>Hasta el <strong>próximo 31 de enero de 2012</strong> está abiero el llamamiento a paneles, y tod@s aquellos interesad@s deberán enviar una propuesta con un máximo de 400 palabras, asociada a algún panel (cada panel puede tener más de una sesión) y presentarse a través del formulario de la página web.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" src="http://onafrica.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/logociea8_3.jpg?w=320&#038;h=82" alt="" width="320" height="82" /></p>
<p><span id="more-3491"></span>En concreto, el panel que co-organizo, es el siguiente:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>Panel #32: Reconstrucción del estado, estados frágiles y resistencia en África</strong><br />
COORDINADORES: Marta Iniguez de Heredia Sunye | Manuel Manrique Gil<br />
El debilitamiento de las instituciones del estado, bien como resultado de un conflicto violento, bien del crimen organizado o redes transnacionales, es una grave amenaza a la seguridad humana, y uno de los retos más complejos y urgentes a los que se enfrentan los estados africanos. Por esta razón, la construcción y fortalecimiento del estado se ha convertido en una de las prioridades de la comunidad internacional. Pero esto supone nuevos retos para la búsqueda de paz y desarrollo. A pesar del reconocimiento cada vez mayor de la importancia del contexto y la historia de estos países por parte de los actores internacionales, y del desarrollo de políticas y modelos específicos, persiste un problema más profundo. Como han demostrado los estudios de sociología histórica, la formación de estados ha sido generalmente un proceso largo, violento y duro para las sociedades, y a los que distintos sectores de la población han respondido de diversas maneras, desde la resistencia encubierta hasta la confrontación armada. Del mismo modo, la difuminación de fronteras geográficas, políticas y económicas y la integración de actores locales, nacionales e internacionales han conducido a dinámicas ambivalentes de poder y resistencia, las cuales han sido a su vez transformadoras de la comunidad política, la paz y las instituciones estatales.</p>
<p>Este panel quiere explorar las actuaciones internacionales en estados frágiles y procesos de construcción del estado, y las respuestas y resistencia que estos pueden haber generado. Analizará los retos existentes y cómo estos influyen sobre la efectividad de las políticas internas y los esfuerzos humanitarios, de construcción de la paz y de desarrollo por parte de los actores internacionales. Esto se hará con una visión crítica, donde las categorías analíticas del estado como garante de la paz y la resistencia como factor de riesgo para la paz, o lo local como un recipiente pasivo y lo global como un donante activo sean puestos en cuestión. Este cuestionamiento debe proporcionar un mejor punto de referencia desde el que observar los diferentes proyectos políticos y significados que la paz tiene para los diferentes actores que operan en el terreno, influenciándose y transformándose entre ellos. Las contribuciones de los ponentes tendrán en cuenta las dinámicas históricas, políticas, económicas y morales.</p></blockquote>
<p><strong>CALL FOR PAPERS</strong><br />
Fecha límite de presentación de propuestas: 31 de enero de 2012.<br />
Propuesta máxima de 400 palabras.<br />
Idiomas del panel: Castellano e Inglés.<br />
Comunicación de la aceptación de las propuestas: 15 de marzo de 2012.<br />
Fecha de entrega de la comunicación: 15 de mayo de 2012.</p>
<p>Más información, <a href="http://www.ciea8.org/ocs/index.php?conference=CIEA2012&amp;schedConf=index">aquí</a>.</p>
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		<title>8th Iberian Congress of African Studies &#8211; call for papers</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8th-iberian-congress-of-african-studies-call-for-papers/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8th-iberian-congress-of-african-studies-call-for-papers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jan 2012 11:43:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[academia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spain]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[For those of us working academically on Africa in this part of the world, this year has an unmissable date with the celegration of the 8th Iberian Conference of African Studies, &#8220;Under the Palaver Tree&#8221;, in Madrid on June 14-16, &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/12/8th-iberian-congress-of-african-studies-call-for-papers/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3495&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For those of us working academically on Africa in this part of the world, this year has an unmissable date with the celegration of the <a href="http://www.ciea8.org/ocs/index.php?conference=CIEA2012&amp;schedConf=index#">8th Iberian Conference of African Studies</a>, &#8220;Under the Palaver Tree&#8221;, in <strong>Madrid on June 14-16, 2012</strong>.<br />
The call for papers is now <strong>open until January 31, 2012</strong>. Authors are invited to submit abstracts of no more than 400 words to any of the 49 panels &#8211; one of which is co-organised by yours truly. Abstracts for accepted papers will be available on the website on March 15. Full papers should be submitted before May 15.</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter" src="http://onafrica.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/logociea8_3.jpg?w=320&#038;h=82" alt="" width="320" height="82" /><br />
<span id="more-3495"></span>The panel I am co-ordinating is this one:</p>
<blockquote><p><strong>Statebuilding, fragile states and resistance in Africa<br />
</strong><br />
COORDINATORS: Marta Iñiguez de Heredia Sunyé | Manuel Manrique Gil</p>
<p>The weakening of state institutions, whether by violent conflict, organized crime or transnational networks, is a grave threat to human security, and one of the most pressing and complex challenges for African states. For this reason, building and strengthening states has become a priority of the international community. But this poses new challenges to the quest for peace and development. Despite international actors´ increasing responsiveness to these countries context and history, and the development of specific policies and approaches, a deeper problem persists. As historical sociology has observed, statebuilding has often been a long, violent and painful process for societies, to which individuals have responded with myriad of strategies, from covert resistance to outright armed opposition. Similarly, the blurring of geographical, political, economical boundaries and the intertwining of local, national and international actors have led to ambivalent dynamics of power and resistance, which have been themselves transformative of the political community, peace and state institutions.</p>
<p>This panel wants to explore international involvement in statebuilding and fragile states, and the responses and resistance the may have generated. It will analyse existing challenges and how these affect the effectiveness of domestic policies and humanitarian, peacekeeping and development efforts supported by international actors. It will do so from a critical perspective where categories such as the state as the peace-grantor and resistance as a spoiler; the local as passive recipient and the global as active giver are put into question. This questioning should provide a better standpoint to observe different political projects and meanings of peace that actors on the ground promote, influencing and transforming each other. Contributions take into account historical, political, economic and normative dynamics.</p></blockquote>
<p>More info, <a href="http://www.ciea8.org/ocs/index.php?conference=CIEA2012&amp;schedConf=index">here</a></p>
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		<title>Azonto &#8211; a dance craze for 2012?</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/02/azonto-a-dance-craze-for-2012/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2012/01/02/azonto-a-dance-craze-for-2012/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jan 2012 12:11:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cultura]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ghana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[video]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://onafrica.org/?p=3487</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[First, happy new year everyone! And now, let&#8217;s start looking at what may be worth paying attention for 2012. I will shortly write a detailed post looking at political trends that may be important this year, but in the meanwhile, &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/02/azonto-a-dance-craze-for-2012/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3487&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>First, happy new year everyone! </p>
<p>And now, let&#8217;s start looking at what may be worth paying attention for 2012. I will shortly write a detailed post looking at political trends that may be important this year, but in the meanwhile, here&#8217;s a cultural note. </p>
<p>The azonto dance is becoming hugely popular in Ghana (I first learnt about it a few weeks ago, when a Malawian high school friend staying there posted on Facebook the video below, and said it was the craze there). And it seems it&#8217;s also <a href="http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/12/29/ghana-azonto-dance-craze-goes-global/">increasingly popular online</a>. So will azonto take over the dance world in 2012? </p>
<span style="text-align:center; display: block;"><a href="http://onafrica.org/2012/01/02/azonto-a-dance-craze-for-2012/"><img src="http://img.youtube.com/vi/M8LGtRk7MEQ/2.jpg" alt="" /></a></span>
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		<title>It&#8217;s that time of the year&#8230; On Africa&#8217;s eleven top posts in 2011</title>
		<link>http://onafrica.org/2011/12/26/its-that-time-of-the-year-on-africas-eleven-top-posts-in-2011/</link>
		<comments>http://onafrica.org/2011/12/26/its-that-time-of-the-year-on-africas-eleven-top-posts-in-2011/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Dec 2011 19:26:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>onafrica</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualidad]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[visualizaciones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[year]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The end of the year brings with it all sorts of compilations, lists and summaries of the good, the bad and the ugly of the year that&#8217;s coming to an end. And On Africa is no exception to this &#8211; &#8230; <a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/12/26/its-that-time-of-the-year-on-africas-eleven-top-posts-in-2011/">Sigue leyendo <span class="meta-nav">&#8594;</span></a><img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=onafrica.org&amp;blog=8883925&amp;post=3478&amp;subd=onafrica&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The end of the year brings with it <strong>all sorts of compilations, lists and summaries of the good, the bad and the ugly of the year that&#8217;s coming to an end. And On Africa is no exception to this</strong> &#8211; see here the top-10 stories of 2009 (<a href="http://onafrica.org/2009/12/30/wdq1262214887/">in English</a> and in <a href="http://onafrica.org/2009/12/30/fdn1262374790/">Spanish/español</a>), and the <a href="http://onafrica.org/2010/12/29/jho1293647980/">ten photos that summarise 2010</a> (although without photos <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':-(' class='wp-smiley' />  since the links broke when I transferred from Maneno to WordPress earlier this year and I have not fixed it yet&#8230;).</p>
<p>This year,<strong> I have compiled a list of the most viewed original posts written this year</strong> (according to WordPress). What this means is that the list excludes posts written in the past (the post most viewed this year is <a href="http://onafrica.org/2010/03/03/bgm1267614467/">this one on Conguitos</a>, a politically incorrect Spanish brand of sweets, written in march 2010). Also excluded are those posts that serve as self-promotion for pieces published for other media but to which I have made reference here.</p>
<p>So, whilst technically incorrect, the list makes this up in relevance, for<strong> these posts reflect better some of the most important news and stories in the African continent and beyond;</strong> with some exceptions &#8211; South Sudan independence, the war in Côte d&#8217;Ivoire (both these stories have op-ed pieces devoted to them and can be viewed on the <a href="http://onafrica.org/articulos-features/">&#8220;Other Work&#8221;</a> section), as well as cultural notes. <strong>What is there includes: Zambia&#8217;s presidential election, Bin Laden&#8217;s death, Kenya&#8217;s invasion of Somalia and the &#8220;Arab spring&#8221; among others&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>Enjoy these stories, leave below any comments you may have, and <strong>have a wonderful festive season and end of the year and beginning of 2012</strong>!<span id="more-3478"></span></p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;</p>
<h1><strong>On Africa&#8217;s eleven top posts in 2011</strong></h1>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/10/12/otro-12-de-octubre/">1. Otro 12 de octubre (in Spanish)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/01/17/ufi1295302396/">2. Lumumba: el asesinato más importante del siglo XX (in Spanish)</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/10/01/zambias-presidential-election-a-reflection-on-the-power-of-silence/">3. Zambia&#8217;s presidential election &#8211; a reflection on the power of silence</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/05/09/what-foucault-has-to-say-about-bin-ladens-death/">4. What Foucault has to say about Bin Laden&#8217;s death</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/11/15/theres-a-new-war-raging-on-the-horn-of-africa-does-the-eu-know-about-this/">5. There&#8217;s a new war raging in the Horn of Africa, does the EU know about this?</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/09/06/run-kenya-run/">6. Run, Kenya, Run!</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/07/26/hip-hop-soundtrack-of-the-revolution/">7. Hip-hop: soundtrack of the revolution</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/03/05/%c2%a1musica-para-el-sabado-spoek-mathambo-control/">8. ¡Música para el sábado! Spoek Mathambo &#8211; &#8216;Control&#8217;</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/11/28/and-then-there-were-nandos/">9. And then there were&#8230; Nando&#8217;s</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/03/14/any-lessons-for-africa-from-the-fukushima-accident/">10. Any lessons for Africa from the Fukushima accident?</a></p>
<p><a href="http://onafrica.org/2011/03/23/where-do-you-start-telling-the-story-of-the-north-african-protests/">11. Where do you start telling the story of the North African protests?</a></p>
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